1. We all know that Liu Qian is a great m _________ .

2. We Chinese usually have 3 m _________ a day,breakfast,lunch and supper.

3. --Who do you think is the best p_________? --lin Xinru , I think.

4. People in big cities often go to the countryside ,beacause the air there is

f _________ .

5. Relaxing on the beach makes me feel very c _________ .

6. My home is very c ________ to our school,so I often walk to school.

we look at the s ________ in class instead of (而不是)the blackboard.

food in the the restaurant is good and the s________ here is better,so many people come here.

are 3 movie theaters ,I don't know which one to c _________ .

our country gives money to those p ________ students to help them.

二.用所給詞的適當形式 填空 。

father is much _________ than my mother.(busy)

is the ________ in our class.(outgoing)

Corner is a ________ (good) store. It sells _________ (good) clothes in town .

4. Kitty has the _________ (little) milk of the three.

5. Liu Bing runs __________ of all.(fast)

do you think is _________ (boring), Tim or Tom?

7. He is as _________ (friend) to us as his sister.

8. Tom is ____________ (tall) of the two.

one is ________of all the problems? (easy)

radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)

is good at________ (show) her talent.

,not everybody enjoys _________ (watch) these shows.

people who watch the show usually play a role in _________ (decide) the winner.

14. Which city is _________ (beautiful)，Beijing， Shanghai or Hangzhou?

for _________ (tell) me.

三.單項選擇

( )1. This bread is too small. Do you have _____?

A. a bigger piece B. a bigger one C. a big bread big one

( ) _________ girl sings _________ .

,beautiful ,beautifully

,beautifully ,beautiful

( )3.— _________ is it from your home? —10 minutes by bus.

long far time

( ) is one of _________ in the world.

country countries

largest countries country

( )5. Last week's talent show was a great _____.

B. success C. succeed

( )6. You are _____ now, you should wash your clothes by yourself.

enough B. enough old C. old enough D. enough young

( )7. There's going to _____ a basketball game tomorrow.

A. have B. be C. is D. has

( )8. The weather in Harbin is colder than _____.

A. it in Beijing B. Beijing C. that in Beijing Beijing

( )9. Which do you think _____ the worst act?

A. is B. are C. be D. to be

( )10. My ruler is longer than _____.

A. Tom B. Tom's C. Toms D. Toms'

( )11. This classroom is _____ newer than that one.

A. quite B. very C. many D. a little

( )12. This restaurant needs _____ twenty-year-old boys as waiters.

A. more two B. two another C. two more much

( )13. Who is _____ student in the school talent show?

A. a good B. a better C. the best

( )14. This T-shirt is as _____ as that one.

more expensive B. expensive expensive D. Expensiver

( )15. Shanghai is larger than _____ in China.

city B. any other city C. all the cities D. any cities

( ) do you _________ this new watch?

at of over hard

( ) hope life can get _________ .

and best and better and good and well

( ) should study hard to make our dream _________ .

over back true up

( ) these talent shows have one thing _________ comcmon.

A. on B. in C. at D. for

( ) teacher asked us to_ _________ a story about the moon.

A. make up B. make of C. make in D. make out

四.口語交際(有兩項是多余的)

A:Good morning ,Bill.

B: Hi ,Nick .

A: ____ 1 ____ .

B:Yes ,I like playing baketball .How often do you exercise ?

A: ____ 2 ____ .

B:Do you get up early in the morning ?

A: Yes ,I get up at 6:30 every morning .And then I play basketballfor half an hour .

B:____ 3 ____ .

A:Igo to bed at 10:00. _____ 4 ____

B: I see .You look strong .Let’s play basketball together tommorow morning ,OK?

A: All right . ____ 5 _____ .See you .

B: See you tomorrow .

A. Do you play basketball every morning ?

B. Let’s meet at 7:00am . C. What time do go to bed at night ?

D. I played basketball yesterday. E. Do you often stay up late ?

F. I have a healthy lifestyle . G. I exercise evert day .

5. 完形 填空

It was the last lesson before 1 holidays. The students 2 very happy. Their English teacher was very happy, 3 .The teacher 4 played nice games with them. He sang some nice songs, and then he went to the blackboard and wrote “SMILES” 5 it.“This is one of the 6 words in English”,he said to the class. The 7 class laughed, and then one girl 8 and said,“Why is it one of the longest words in English?”The teacher said 9 for a while. Then he smiled and said,“Because there is a mile between the 10 letter and the last.”

( )1. A. a B. an C. the D. much

( ) B. are C. was D. were

( ) B. eight C. neither D. also

( )4. A. a little B. little C. any D. also

( ) B. on C. in D. in front of

( ) B. longer C. longest D. short

( ) B. each C. all D. both

( )8. A. stand up B. sit down C. stood up D. lay down

( )9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

( ) B. first C. two D. second

六. 閱讀 理解

A boy named Jack lived in a small village. One morning, his mother sent him to his uncle's in town. He had a very good time there.

Before Jack left in the evening, his uncle gave him a jar and said, “There is some candy in it, you may put your hand into it and take some when you want to eat something.”

Jack looked at the jar when he was in the train. It had a long and small neck. He put his hand into the jar and took five pieces. But he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand this way and that way, still he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand again. Finally he let go of four pieces. Then he could pull his hand out of the jar.

根據短文判斷正(T)誤(F)

( ) day Jack's mother sent him to his mother's brother's house.

( ) jar with some candy in it had a large neck.

( ) only stayed in town for a whole day.

( ) last Jack only took one piece(塊) of candy at a time.

( ) this lesson, Jack knew that he himself was too foolish(蠢).

中考英語語法知識點

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg: I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎么樣

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 贊成某人

5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣

6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界

7 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹

8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始

15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day

共279個語法，一天背一個。先收藏吧!

16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing

20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog

22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視

23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣

25 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 遠離

28 be away from 從……離開

29 be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

32 be careful 當心;小心

33 be different from…… 和什么不一樣

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好

36 be from = come from 來自 eg ：He is from Beijing. He comes from Beijing. Is he from Beijing? Does he come from Beijing ?

37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water.

38 be glad + to + do /從句

39 be going to + v(原) 將來時

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……

41 be good for 對什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English

42 be happy to do 很高興做某事

43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處

Exercising is helpful to your body 鍛煉對你的身體有好處

44 be in good health 身體健康

45 be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble. They are in trouble.

46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣

47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的氣

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)

52 be not sure 表不確定

53 be on a visit to 參觀

54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎

55 be quiet 安靜

56 be short for 表____的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou

61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are no tstrict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表確定

66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)

68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語

70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一樣

73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

76 because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 兩者之間

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了

He's bothering me to lend him money 他打擾我借錢給他

82 by the end of 到……為止

83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang.

84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你為什么不關心國家的未來?

85 catch up with sb 趕上某人

86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地

87 come in 進

88 come over to 過來

89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?

90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to Luzhou? 為什么不考慮去瀘州?

92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

93 decide to do sth 決定做某事

94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查

95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

96 do wrong 做錯

97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事

98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……

99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書

100 end up +doing

101 enjoy +doing喜歡

102escape from 從……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來

103expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來

105 fall in love with sb/sth 愛上什么

106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現做某事怎么樣

108 find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現什么怎么樣 eg : I find the book interesting.

109 finish 完成+doing(名詞)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人

111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home. I forget closing door

112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完，被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)

114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好

116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處

117 get ready for = be ready for 為什么而準備 eg : I get ready for math. I am ready for math.

118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻煩

119get sb to do sth

120 get…from… 從某處得到某物

121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall

122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物

123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳

124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事

125 go out away from go out of

126 go to school 上學(用于專業(yè)的)go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學)

127 good way to 好方法

128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事

129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會

130 have a talk 聽報告談一談

131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking. You have been sleeping since

132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來

133 have fun +doing 玩得高興

134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什么事情做

135 have to do sth 必須做某事

136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩

137 have…time +doing

138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假

139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事

140 help a lot 很大用處

141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 幫助某人做某事

142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法

145 if : 是否=whether

eg: I don't know if (whether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會

He don't know if (whether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達

146 if :如果，假如(全部接一般時態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句

eg: I'll go to Luzhou if it doesn't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國

147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為

148 in some ways 在某些方面

149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 south 南 west 西 east東 )

151 in the sun 在太陽下

152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the price of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3%

the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

153 instead of +(名 ) 代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子

I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學

154 introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹

155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣

159 It's +adj for sb 對于某人來說怎么樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣

160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(對某人來說) 做某事怎么樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎么樣

eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English

161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意

162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me

163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了

164 join = take part in 參加

165 just now 剛才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣?

167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入

168 keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康

169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案

170 key to… answer to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙

171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't laugh at others. We laughed at the joke.

172 learn by oneself 自學

173 learn from sb 向某人學習 eg: We should learn from Leifeng.

174 learn to do sth 學做某事

175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事

176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg ：We shouldn't let our parents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望

177 live from :離某地遠

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in Luzhou She lives at Xuantan

179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看

180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you

183 make it early 把時間定的早一點

184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么 eg : I made you my wife

186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么樣 eg : You must made your bed clean

187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么樣

188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫

189 make up 和 be made up of (被動語態(tài))由……組成

190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么

192 most +名 most of +代

193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (實義動詞) need do (情態(tài)動詞)

198 no / neither of hate to do no / neither of hate doing

199 no +名詞

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry anymore He cried no more 他再也不哭

201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't jump far at all

202 not…at all 一點都不

203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't Japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar

205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供

206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我給你提供水

207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談

210 on time 準時 in time 及時

211 one day =some day =someday 一天，有一天

212 one of +可數名詞的復數形式

213 one to another 一個到另一個

214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again

215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作

216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢，付錢

217 please +do

218 please help yourself

219 pleased with sb

220 pool into

221 practice +doing 練習做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡……eg : I prefer physics to chemistry 在物理和化學中，我更喜歡物理

prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車

prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿做…也不愿

eg: My uncle prefers to buy a new car rather than repair the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車

prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來

223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什么 pretend that 從句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案

224 rather…than 寧可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當醫(yī)生，也不當老師

He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓

225 regard…as 把……當作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候

I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友

He shows little regard for others 他不愛關心別人

226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做飯

227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學校

228 return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人

229 say to oneself 對自己說

230 say to sb 對某人說

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少錢在某事上

232 sb spend some time with sb 花了多少時間陪誰

233 sb spend some time(in) doing sth 花了多少時間做某事

234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are

235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎么樣 eg : You seem to be tired. You seem to be happy

237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物

238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?

239 shock 使……震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀!嚇我一跳

240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me

242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.

243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 從……開始begin…with… 從……開始

245 stay away from 遠離……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物

If you want to lose weight you'd better stay away from the sweet food 如果你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食

246 stop doing 停下正在做的事

247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事

249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名 這樣 ，這種

251 suit sb 適合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇

253 take classes 上課

254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him

③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關于……

257 talk with sb 和某人說話

258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事

259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story

261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什么

263 tell…from…

264 thank you for +doing

265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路

e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English

268 the way to…(地點) 到哪的

269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school

He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school

270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻譯成什么 eg : Translate English into Chinese

271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well

273 try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已經做過了

eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經做過了

274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下

275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大

276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開open 拆開

277 upside down 倒著

278 visit to… 參觀某個地方

279 wait for sb 等某人

中考英語題型歸納

一、聽力

聽力題主要考查整體理解和獲取對話核心信息的能力。應試技巧：1.克服緊張心理，放松自己。心態(tài)平穩(wěn)，才能有效發(fā)揮。2.試卷下發(fā)后，瀏覽問題題干，快速預測，以便帶著問題有目的地去聽。3.集中注意力聽錄音，果斷答題。4.要學會放棄。如果有部分信息確實沒聽清楚，不要糾纏，馬上放棄，以免影響后面答題。5.平時聽力訓練時要養(yǎng)成簡寫速記的習慣。

二、完形填空

完形填空題考查詞匯知識、閱讀能力、邏輯推理判斷能力。應試技巧：1.快速通讀短文，把握大意。特別注重首尾句的理解，抓住各段的主題句，理順思路，為后面答題做好鋪墊。2.在通讀全文、理解大意的基礎上，根據固定搭配、習慣用法、上下文暗示先選出一部分答案。然后細讀全文，聯系上下文內容、短語意思、語法法則、固定搭配等，對選項進行逐一比較和篩選，排除錯誤選項，最終確定正確答案。3.個別無法確定答案的，先跳過，往往能從下文暗示中找到答案。4.通讀全文，驗證答案。完成答案后，把所選的答案代入原文，通讀全文，對所選答案進行核實調整。重要提示：切忌不通讀全文，看一空填一空。

三、閱讀理解

閱讀理解主要考查學生閱讀理解、獲取信息和處理信息的能力。應試技巧：1.先看問題，再閱讀。帶著問題快速閱讀全文，把握文章大意，明確作者觀點和態(tài)度，尋求所需要的信息。2.注重主題句，各段的首尾句。3.概括大意，揣摩文章中心，掌握主旨和作者意圖，不要過分推敲語言點。4.遇到生詞要根據上下文或語境猜詞義，不必停頓時間過長。

四、書面表達

書面表達考查學生綜合語言運用能力。應試技巧：寫作前：1.審題。審題要仔細，理清寫作的體裁和格式，明確信息要點及詞數限定等。抓住主旨要義，形成書面表達的思路及框架。2.整編。整合信息要點，分清段落層次，編寫出提綱。寫作中：1.根據體裁和信息要點明確作文所需要的重點句型和短語，盡量使用自己熟知的句型和短語。遇到不會詞句，換用另一種意義相近的句式表達。2.遣詞造句，用詞地道。3.行文連貫。句與句之間，段與段之間連接自然連貫。寫作后：1.檢查與修改。重點檢查：要點是否全面;內容是否完整;格式是否正確;句型、短語是否準確;語法有否錯誤;拼寫有否錯誤;字數是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷時，寫草稿，或寫簡略提綱，書寫清楚規(guī)范，做到零涂改，確保卷面整潔。

初中物理串并聯電路識別方法

電流流向法：

①途中不分流---------串聯

②途中要分流---------并聯或混聯

拆除法：(識別較難電路)

①拆除任一用電器，其他用電器都不能工作---------串聯

②拆除任一用電器，其他用電器還能工作------------并聯

節(jié)點法：(識別不規(guī)范電路)

所謂“節(jié)點法”：就是不論導線有多長，只要中間沒有電源、用電器等，則導線兩端點均可以看成同一個點，從而找出各用電器兩端的公共點。

第十四章 歐姆定律

電阻(R)：表示導體對電流的阻礙作用。(導體如果對電流的阻礙作用越大，那么電阻就越大，而通過導體的電流就越小)。電阻的單位：國際單位：歐姆(Ω);常用單位：兆歐(MΩ)、千歐(KΩ)。1兆歐=103千歐1千歐=103歐。

決定電阻大小的因素：導體的電阻是導體本身的一種性質，它的大小決定于導體的：材料、長度、橫截面積和溫度。(電阻與加在導體兩端的電壓和通過的電流無關)

變阻器：(滑動變阻器和變阻箱)

(1)滑動變阻器：

① 原理：改變電阻線在電路中的長度來改變電阻的。

② 作用：通過改變接入電路中的電阻來改變電路中的電流和電壓。

③ 銘牌：如一個滑動變阻器標有“50Ω2A”表示的意義是：最大阻值是50Ω，允許通過的最大電流是2A。

④ 正確使用：A應串聯在電路中使用;B接線要“一上一下”;C通電前應把阻值調至最大的地方。

(2)變阻箱：是能夠表示出電阻值的變阻器。

歐姆定律：導體中的電流，跟導體兩端的電壓成正比，跟導體的電阻成反比。

公式：

公式的理解：①公式中的I、U和R必須是在同一段電路中;②I、U和R中已知任意的兩個量就可求另一個量;③計算時單位要統(tǒng)一。

探究電流與電壓、電阻的關系。

①提出問題 ②制定計劃，設計實驗，采用的研究方法是：控制變量法。

③進行實驗，收集數據信息④分析論證⑤得出結論.

電路的串聯有以下幾個特點：(指R1，R2串聯)

①電流：I=I1=I2(串聯電路中各處的電流相等)

②電壓：U=U1+U2(串聯電路中總電壓等于各部分電路電壓之和)

③電阻：R=R1+R2(串聯電路中總電阻等于各部分電路電阻之和)

如果n個阻值相同的電阻R0串聯，則有R串=nR0

電路的并聯有以下幾個特點：(指R1，R2并聯)

①電流：I=I1+I2(干路上電流等于各支路電流之和)

②電壓：U=U1=U2(干路電壓等于各支路兩端電壓)

初中物理電功和電功率

一、電功

1、定義：電流通過某段電路所做的功叫電功。

2、實質：電流做功的過程，實際就是電能轉化為其他形式的能(消耗電能)的過程;電流做多少功，就有多少電能轉化為其他形式的能，就消耗了多少電能。

電流做功的形式：電流通過各種用電器使其轉動、發(fā)熱、發(fā)光、發(fā)聲等都是電流做功的表現。

3、規(guī)定：電流在某段電路上所做的功，等于這段電路兩端的電壓，電路中的電流和通電時間的乘積。

4、計算公式：W=UIt=Pt(適用于所有電路)

對于純電阻電路可推導出：W= I2Rt= U2t/R

①串聯電路中常用公式：W= I2Rt 。

W1:W2:W3:…Wn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn

②并聯電路中常用公式：W= U2t/R W1:W2= R2:R1

③無論用電器串聯或并聯。計算在一定時間所做的總功

常用公式W= W1+W2+…Wn

5、單位：國際單位是焦耳(J)常用單位：度(kwh)

1度=1千瓦時=1kwh=3.6×106J

6、測量電功：

⑴電能表：是測量用戶用電器在某一段時間內所做電功(某一段時間內消耗電能)的儀器。

⑵ 電能表上“220V”“5A”“3000R/kwh”等字樣，分別表示：電電能表額定電壓220V;允許通過的最大電流是5A;每消耗一度電電能表轉盤轉3000轉。

⑶讀數：A、測量較大電功時用刻度盤讀數。

①最后一位有紅色標記的數字表示小數點后一位。

②電能表前后兩次讀數之差，就是這段時間內用電的度數。

二、電功率

1、定義：電流單位時間內所做的功。

2、物理意義：表示電流做功快慢的物理量 燈泡的亮度取決于燈泡的實際功率大小。

3、電功率計算公式：P=UI=W/t(適用于所有電路)

對于純電阻電路可推導出：P= I2R= U2/R

①串聯電路中常用公式：P= I2R 。

P1:P2:P3:…Pn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn

②并聯電路中常用公式：P= U2/R P1:P2= R2:R1

③無論用電器串聯或并聯。計算總功率。常用公式P= P1+P2+…Pn

4、單位：國際單位 瓦特(W) 常用單位：千瓦(kw)

5、額定功率和實際功率：

⑴ 額定電壓：用電器正常工作時的電壓。

額定功率：用電器在額定電壓下的功率。P額=U額I額=U2額/R

三 電熱

1、實驗：目的：研究電流通過導體產生的熱量跟那些因素有關? 原理：根據煤油在玻璃管里上升的高度來判斷電流通過電阻絲通電產生電熱的多少。

實驗采用煤油的目的：煤油比熱容小，在相同條件下吸熱溫度升高的快：是絕緣體

2、焦耳定律：電流通過導體產生的熱量跟電流的平方成正比，跟導體的電阻成正比，跟通電時間成正比。

3、計算公式：Q=I2Rt (適用于所有電路)

對于純電阻電路可推導出：Q =UIt= U2t/R=W=Pt

①串聯電路中常用公式：Q= I2Rt 。

Q1:Q2:Q3:…Qn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn

并聯電路中常用公式：Q= U2t/R Q1:Q2=R2:R1

②無論用電器串聯或并聯。計算在一定時間所產生的總熱量

常用公式Q= Q1+Q2+…Qn

③分析電燈、電爐等電熱器問題時往往使用：Q= U2t/R=Pt

4、應用——電熱器：

①定義：利用電流的熱效應而制成的發(fā)熱設備。②原理：焦耳定律

③組成：電熱器的主要組成部分是發(fā)熱體，發(fā)熱體是由電阻率大、熔點高的合金制成。

④優(yōu)點：清潔衛(wèi)生沒有污染、熱效率高、方便控制和調節(jié)溫度。