情態動詞與助動詞

1、can能，可以，表說話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，如:You can go now.

提建議或請求時可用can I, can you表客氣，如Can I buy you a drink?

can和be able to表能力時的區別。

can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt,he wasable to explain what had happened.

2、may

(1)可以，表說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。You may go.

(2)(現在和將來)可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.

3、must,have to

must表主觀上的必須，have to表客觀上的必須，如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now.-Yes,you must.(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)

4、need,dare這二詞有實意動詞和情態動詞兩種詞性，如用作實意動詞后接動詞不定式to do，如用作情態動詞后接動詞原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)

5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?用于二、三人稱陳述句，表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't workharder.

6、should表應該，意為有責任，有義務。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.

7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如"Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."

8、should have done表應該做而未做

must have done表對過去事實的肯定推測

could have done表本可以做某事

9、判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't,不太肯定用may,might

He must be in the office now.

He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.

He can't be in the office. He is at home.

He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.

He might be in the office, I am not sure.

He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.

高中英語必背知識點

讓步狀語從句

1、though,although,as的區別

A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。

B、though引導的從句可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝;as引導的從句必須倒裝;although引導的從句不能倒裝。其結構為：形容詞/分詞/副詞/動詞原形/名詞(無冠詞)+as/though+主語+謂語……

2、though可用作副詞，放在句末，意為“不過，但是”。Although無此用法。

3、某些短語也引導讓步的從句或短語，意為“盡管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that,regardless of(the fact that)

句子種類

1、陳述句的否定

(1)在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中，當主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy,imagine等，且主句主語是第一人稱時，賓語從句謂語的否定習慣上要移到主句謂語上，如: I don't think he is right.

(2)含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應視為否定句，如: I have never been there before.

2、反意疑問句

(1)need和dare 既可作情態動詞，又可作實意動詞，在反問部分須加以區別，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?

(2)陳述部分出現否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時，反問部分須用肯定形式，如：He seldom comes, does he?

(3)陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時，反問部分的主語用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?

陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語時，反問部分常用it，有時也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?

(4)陳述部分包括used to 時，反問部分可有兩種形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?

(5)陳述部分是"there + be"結構時，反問部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?

(6)陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復合句時，反問部分的主語和謂語應和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?

但，如果是I think , I believe等+賓語從句時，反問部分須和從句的動詞保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?

3、感嘆句

用what或how,

What a beautiful park it is.

How beautiful a park it is.

How beautiful the park is.

How we worked!

4、祈使句

Take care!

Don't stand there.

Please open the door for the old lady.

高考英語知識點梳理

不定式的構成

1、不定式的一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發生，或是在它之后發生。

如：They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請我們今年夏天去那兒。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一邊讓我通過。

2、不定式的完成式：不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之后發生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時也可作主語、定語等。

如：She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已聽說過這件事。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉讓你等了這么久。

I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本來想告訴你這件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。

It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.對我來說，在你們國家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。

3、不定式的進行式：不定式的進行式表示正在進行的與謂語動詞同時發生的動作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。

如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，這些天一直幫我們。

He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假裝在認真地聽老師講課。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我們沒料到你一直在這兒等我們。

4、不定式的完成進行式：如果不定式表示的動作是謂語所表示

5、動詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構成。如：Try not to be late again next time.盡量下次不要再遲到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我們永遠不要再見到她。

6、疑問詞+動詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等動詞后面作賓語，有時也可以充當主語、表語等。

如：On hearing the news,he didn't know whether to laugh or to cry.聽到這個消息，他不知道該哭還是該笑。

When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么時候開會還沒有決定。

The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到這么多錢。

介詞后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語作賓語。

如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.瑪麗提了一些如何學習英語的建議。

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道該怎么做。